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A contractor quoting central AC here has to size the system carefully against the actual load the house presents, because the compressor will not get enough run time to average out the consequences of a bad calculation. Homes in Orange County, NY run cooling about two months a year, from July through August. The contactor and compressor start under full refrigerant load every time the system kicks on, and a unit that is too large for the house short-cycles repeatedly across those weeks, wearing both components faster than the calendar would suggest. A load calculation that fits the house lets the compressor run full cycles and pull humidity down properly, which is what the equipment was built to do.

Ductwork sized for a different era of equipment is what a contractor finds in a large share of homes here. Half the homes in Orange County, New York were built in 1975 or earlier (2020-2024 ACS 5-year). When a house was built that long before today's high-efficiency systems existed, the trunk lines and branch runs were laid out around loads and airflow assumptions that do not match what a modern central AC unit requires. That gap between what the ducts were built for and what the new equipment needs is where an installation either stays on budget or does not. The electrical service is a separate check: older panels often carry less capacity than a new condensing unit draws, and that is discovered before the equipment is ever ordered.
What Gets Installed With a New Central AC

The outdoor condenser unit sits on a concrete pad beside the house and holds the compressor and condenser coil, the two components that do the heaviest work in the system. Inside, the air handler mounts in a utility space, basement, or attic and circulates air across the evaporator coil, which is housed within it.
The thermostat goes on an interior wall where it can read the home's air temperature and signal the system to run. A copper refrigerant line set connects the indoor and outdoor units, running through the wall or along the exterior of the house to link both sides of the system.
The drawing shows the general layout of a central AC system, and a licensed contractor determines exactly what applies to this particular house.
Get matched in Orange CountyOrange County, NY by the Numbers
197 severe weather events were recorded in Orange County, New York between 2015 and 2024.
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Storm Events Database, bulk CSV export, events 2015-01-01 through 2024-12-31.Half the homes in Orange County, New York were built in 1975 or earlier (2020-2024 ACS 5-year).
U.S. Census Bureau, 2020-2024 American Community Survey 5-Year EstimatesOrange County, New York holds 149,699 housing units (2020-2024 ACS 5-year).
U.S. Census Bureau, 2020-2024 American Community Survey 5-Year EstimatesOwners occupy 67.8% of the occupied homes in Orange County, New York (2020-2024 ACS 5-year).
U.S. Census Bureau, 2020-2024 American Community Survey 5-Year EstimatesCodes & Standards Governing Central AC Installation in Orange County, New York8 sourced rules and standards
What the Installation Actually Looks Like
Split-system central air conditioners rated below 45,000 Btu/h manufactured on or after January 1, 2023 must meet a federal minimum of 13.4 SEER2.
Split-system central air conditioners rated at or above 45,000 Btu/h manufactured on or after January 1, 2023 must meet a federal minimum of 13.4 SEER2.
Split-system central air conditioners manufactured between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2022 had to meet 13 SEER, the metric that preceded SEER2.
Single-package central air conditioners manufactured on or after January 1, 2023 must meet a federal minimum of 13.4 SEER2.
Space-constrained central air conditioners manufactured on or after January 1, 2023 must meet a federal minimum of 11.7 SEER2.
Federal efficiency standards for split-system central air conditioners and heat pumps are set on each certified combination of outdoor unit and indoor coil rather than on the outdoor unit alone.
Residential and light commercial air conditioning and heat pump systems assembled in the field, including mini-splits and unitary systems, may not be installed on or after January 1, 2025 using a refrigerant with a global warming potential above 700.
A field-assembled system whose specified components were all manufactured or imported before January 1, 2025 carries no installation compliance date under the refrigerant restrictions and may still be installed.
Severe Weather Events in Orange County
Weather in this region puts real stress on HVAC equipment, and how hard a system works over its life is shaped by what the local climate asks of it. A central AC installation sized and built for Orange County conditions is an installation built for the actual load.
197 severe weather events, 2015–2024. Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Storm Events Database.
